Trends in Life Sciences and Biotechnology
type: channel
description: Trends in Life Sciences and Biotechnology is a peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing cutting-edge research, reviews, and innovations in the fields of life sciences and biotechnology. The journal aims to bridge the gap between fundamental biological research and applied biotechnological advancements, fostering a deeper understanding of biological systems and their potential applications. Scope and Areas of Interest: Molecular Biology and Genetics Biomedical Research and Biotechnology Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Synthetic Biology and Genetic Engineering Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology Pharmaceutical and Industrial Biotechnology Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing The journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, short communications, and perspectives that contribute to scientific knowledge and technological advancements. With a rigorous peer-review process, Trends in Life Sciences and Biotechnology provides a platform for researchers, academics, and industry professionals to share their findings and insights, shaping the future of biotechnology and life sciences.
publisher: MIND QUEST RESEARCH & EDUCATIONAL CENTER (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED
language: en
publication name: Trends in Life Sciences and Biotechnology
issn: 3080-292X
items: ROLE OF PHARMACOGENOMICS IN OPTIMIZING DRUG THERAPY FOR CHRONIC DISEASES
items: INTEGRATION OF GENOMIC AND CLINICAL DATA FOR PERSONALIZED TREATMENT PLANNING
items: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF GENOME SEQUENCING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HEREDITARY DISEASES
items: IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC MUTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RARE INHERITED METABOLIC DISORDERS
items: COMPARATIVE SURVIVAL OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL VERSUS NON‑SURGICAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES IN EARLY‑STAGE CANCER
items: INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN CEREAL CROPS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
items: IMMUNE RESPONSE PATTERNS IN PEDIATRIC VIRAL INFECTIONS: AN IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY
items: COMBINING ABILITY AND INHERITANCE STUDIES OF AGRONOMIC AND QUALITY TRAITS IN SOYBEAN
items: TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL ANTIDIABETIC COMPOUNDS IN PRECLINICAL MODELS
items: POTASH AND HUMIC ACID INTERACTIONS REGULATING GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF OKRA
items: PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT OF CHRONIC SKIN DISORDERS: A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION
items: LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT: BEST PRACTICES FOR ANIMAL WELFARE
items: THE IMPACT OF SLEEP DISORDERS ON OVERALL HEALTH
items: BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: HARNESSING GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
items: DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS TARGETING ONCOGENIC PATHWAYS IN CANCER THERAPY
items: PERSONALIZED MEDICINE IN CANCER THERAPY: LEVERAGING GENOMIC DATA TO TAILOR TREATMENT PLANS AND IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES
items: DEVELOPING AI MODELS FOR REAL-TIME MONITORING OF MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS: UNDERSTANDING DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS THROUGH DIGITAL HEALTH TOOLS
items: MECHANISMS OF DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY: EXPLORING PATHWAYS AND RISK FACTORS FOR LIVER TOXICITY
items: REAL-TIME CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS: LEVERAGING AI AND BIG DATA FOR DISEASE DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION
items: INTEGRATING GENETICS, ECOLOGY, AND BEHAVIOR: UNDERSTANDING ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION IN AMPHIBIANS
items: EARLY BIOMARKERS OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
items: INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN FRUIT RIPENING AND SENESCENCE
items: LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING IN POST-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS USING MRI
items: HERBICIDE DRIFT IMPACT ON NON-TARGET FLORA AND CROP BIODIVERSITY IN ORGANIC FARMLANDS
items: EVALUATION OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERNS IN ZOONOTIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM COMPANION ANIMALS IN URBAN AREAS
items: COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY: CANINE AND FELINE TUMOR BIOLOGY AND THERAPIES
items: WILDLIFE FORENSICS AND LEGAL MEDICINE IN BIODIVERSITY CRIMES
items: MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL AGENT DESIGN
items: CONSERVATION GENETICS AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
items: HYBRID BIOENGINEERING APPROACHES TO CELL-TISSUE INTERFACE MODELING

ROLE OF PHARMACOGENOMICS IN OPTIMIZING DRUG THERAPY FOR CHRONIC DISEASES
type: item
description: Pharmacogenomics is an approach that has a perspective of personalizing drug therapy using genetic variation; however, there is little evidence prospectively on polypharmacy patients with numerous morbidities. The clinical utility, predictive performance, and cost-effectiveness of preemptive multi-gene pharmacogenomic profiling were compared to conventional care and reactive single-gene testing in this paper. This is a mixed-method study, comprising 1,200 patients (retrospective cohort) and 600 patients (prospective randomized trial) (mean age 64.3 years, 52% female, mean 7.4 medications). A 50-gene genotyping was conducted, and nine nested predictive models were developed to incorporate clinical covariates, polypharmacy indices, drug-gene interactions, environmental factors, epigenetic scores, and polygenic risk scores. Incidence of adverse drug reactions, therapeutic failure, pharmacokinetic parameters, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios at 60 months and above were the outcome measures. The whole pharmacogenomic model with polygenic risk scores was better (AUC-ROC 0.944, Matthews correlation coefficient 0.791, integrated calibration index 0.011) and reduced the risk of therapeutic failure by 49.6% (HR 0.504, p<0.001). Preemptive testing decreased the incidence of cumulative adverse drug reactions in six months from 28.7 to 4.2 (85.4% relative risk reduction). The greatest drug-drug-gene interaction (DPYD variant in combination with fluorouracil and metronidazole) resulted in an HR of 3.876. The whole model was probably economical at the 50,000/QALY mark with an incremental net financial worth of 523 per patient. Overall, 96.8% of patients have at least one actionable genotype, so polygenic risk score integration with preemptive multi-gene pharmacogenomic profiling is both cost-effective and greatly improves the clinical outcomes of multimorbid polypharmacy patients. These results form an excellent evidence base to support the use of preemptive genotyping as…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pharmacogenomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Polypharmacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Adverse Drug Reactions
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Decision Support
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug-Gene Interactions
  topic: keywords
creator: Taimoor Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 96
ending page: 123

INTEGRATION OF GENOMIC AND CLINICAL DATA FOR PERSONALIZED TREATMENT PLANNING
type: item
description: This means that cancer heterogeneity demands the integrative analysis of multi-omic data by default to give precision oncology accurate prognostics. High-dimensional genomic, epigenomic, and clinical data translation into clinically actionable survival predictors is discussed in the paper, where a Multi-Omic Attention Network (MOANet) is presented that combines network-based prior knowledge, cross-modal attention, and quantification of uncertainty. RNA-seq, DNA methylation, somatic mutation, and clinical data of a retrospective cohort of 1,284 breast, lung, and colorectal adenocarcinoma patients were harmonized. It comprised ComBat batch correction, Multi-Omics Factor Analysis to dimension-reduce, propagation of networks on protein-protein interaction networks, and a transformer-based attention model with Shapley additive explanations for interpretability. Relative comparison of MOANet with eight state-of-the-art models showed that MOANet outperformed prognostic characteristics of time-dependent AUC of 0.837 at 36 months and concordance index of 0.791, which represented a 16.3 percent relative improvement over clinical-only Cox-PH models. All the omic layers were crucial, as observed by ablation experiments, but transcriptomic data alone has the greatest impact. The model showed almost perfect calibration, with a strong performance with missing modalities that maintained an ideal time-dependent AUC of over 0.73 and a strong performance with federated learning performance with an overall time-dependent AUC of 0.845 with a small privacy leak. The network-derived biomarkers that were identified as having the most attributes were TP53, PIK3CA, MUC16, and FAT4. It should be noted that prior knowledge of biology may be useful. These findings confirm that multi-omic combination with explicit uncertainty estimation and federated functions involves attention-based combination, which results in a powerful, interpretable, and clinically translational model of precision oncolog…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Precision Oncology
  topic: keywords
subject: Integration of Multi-Omics
  topic: keywords
subject: Attention Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Prognostic Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Federated Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Network Biomarkers
  topic: keywords
creator: Noor Ul Ain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 73
ending page: 95

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF GENOME SEQUENCING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HEREDITARY DISEASES
type: item
description: The study was a comparative diagnostic study that assessed the clinical utility of whole-genome sequencing as a first-line test in hereditary conditions in 1,250 people who had negative or inconclusive conventional genetic test results. Whole-genome sequencing has a diagnostic yield of 43.8 percent versus the cumulative yield of 27.4 percent of sequential whole-exome sequencing, chromosomal microarray, and targeted panel. Balanced structural variants, deep intronic variants, copy number variations, and mitochondrial mutations were the most significantly improved variants, this being a type of variant that the older methods often ignored. Sequential testing also dropped down to 13 days with whole-genome sequencing, a cut down of 398 days between sequential testing and the median time to diagnosis, a mind-boggling cut of the diagnostic process. Coverage uniformity analysis showed that whole-genome sequencing exhibited much less variation across GC-rich regions and repetitive elements compared to whole-exome sequencing, whereas the latter can better identify complex variants. Whole-genome sequencing reanalysis of data at 36 months provided an extra 12.8 percent diagnoses, almost twice the 7.5 percent of whole-exome sequencing reanalysis. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated to be 9,247 per incremental diagnosis, and the whole-genome sequencing was deemed to dominate in a higher number of bootstrap replicates, 98 percent, which is a smaller price and increased functionality compared to sequential tests. The management of 94.5 percent of patients with the diagnosis changed, 39.9 percent of patients started on targeted therapy, and 34.6 percent of patients avoided invasive procedures initially planned. It demonstrates that first-line whole-genome sequencing is more diagnostic; has a lower turnaround time; has better variant detection; has a larger value of reanalysis; is more cost-effective; and has a greater clinical impact than the alternative molecula…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Whole-Genome Sequencing
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnostic Yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Structural Variants
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Hereditary Disorders
  topic: keywords
creator: Kashif Mahmood
creator: Lubna Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 48
ending page: 72

IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC MUTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RARE INHERITED METABOLIC DISORDERS
type: item
description: Inherited metabolic disorders are an eclectic group of rare genetic diseases in which a significant number of patients go undiagnosed despite the application of state-of-the-art genomic testing. In this work, a combined multi-omics diagnostics approach was used, comprising deep long-read whole genome sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, personalized genome-scale metabolic modeling using constraint-based reconstruction and analysis (COBRA), and functional validation in a prospective cohort of 342 individuals with suspected metabolic diseases who have not been diagnosed after standard clinical genetic testing. The final or most probable molecular diagnosis in 187 out of 342 cases was the integrated methodology, which is a diagnostic yield of 54.7 percent, an increase of 23.5 percent over the previous whole exome sequencing alone with a diagnostic yield of 31.2 percent. Of the cases that were diagnosed, 112 cases were known metabolic genes, and 75 cases were novel gene-disease interactions, or previously unknown non-coding regulatory variants. The COBRA modeling, which was personalized, was found to have a strong correlation with the experimental measurements of the metabolite concentrations. The largest integrated gain index was found with mitochondrial disorders with the largest effect sizes observed in splice-altering variants. Compared to the entire exome sequencing alone, median time-to-diagnosis was decreased to 96 days, and there was a desirable incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 14,600 US dollars/additional diagnosis. These findings indicate that a significant improvement in performance is observed when using multi-omics integration as compared to using genomic-only methodology in the diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders and make it possible to reclassify variants of uncertain value, discover new associations with the disease, and achieve better clinical outcomes by providing earlier precision therapeutic intervention.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Inherited Metabolic Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-Omics Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Whole Genome Sequencing
  topic: keywords
subject: Untargeted Metabolomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Cobra Modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnostic Yield
  topic: keywords
creator: Amina Yousaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 26
ending page: 47

COMPARATIVE SURVIVAL OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL VERSUS NON‑SURGICAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES IN EARLY‑STAGE CANCER
type: item
description: Which of the two modalities of therapy, namely surgical resection and stereotactic body radiotherapy, is the most effective modality of treatment in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer at an early stage is a controversial issue, with the two options of surgical resection and stereotactic body radiotherapy being the standard ones but lacking definite comparative evidence that is presented by sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials. This study used 824 patients (412 on each arm) with T1-T2a N0 M0 non-small cell lung cancer using the help of the National Cancer Database, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry and combined individual patient data of the ROSEL and STARS trials to compare overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and competing risk of recurrence between surgical resection and stereotactic body radiotherapy. Propensity scores were successfully matched with the balance of covariates at baseline (age, Charlson comorbidity index, tumor size, performance status, and histology). With a 5-year overall survival of 68.4% in the case of surgery and 64.7% in the case of stereotactic body radiotherapy at the median follow-up of 48.3 months. Recurrence-free survival at 5 years of time was 71.2% compared to 66.9%. Nevertheless, it was found that regional recurrence was much more frequent following stereotactic body radiotherapy, whereas there was similar local control and distant metastasis. Subgroup analysis showed that surgery had a survival advantage in patients with a tumor size greater than 2 cm but not greater than 4 cm, but showed no greater survival advantage compared to no risk stratification in patients with tumor size less than 2 cm or less than 4 cm. Machine learning models, including random survival forest and DeepSurv, demonstrated a greater predictive performance compared to traditional Cox regression (AUC 0.698), with decision curve analysis showing a positive net benefit in the model-guided risk stratific…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgical Resection
  topic: keywords
subject: Propensity Score Matching
  topic: keywords
subject: Overall Survival
  topic: keywords
subject: Random Survival Forest
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-Dependent Roc
  topic: keywords
subject: Decision Curve Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional Recurrence
  topic: keywords
subject: Competing Risks Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Sadia Perveen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 25

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN CEREAL CROPS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
type: item
description: The food security of the world depends upon the cereal crops like rice, wheat and maize and these crops are being impacted by the insect pests, the alteration of climate and unfriendly farming processes. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has emerged as one of the holistic and sustainable methods that can reduce the losses on yields due to pests, at least environmental degradation. It is a system review, and it summarizes the available body of evidence of IPM strategies being applied in large-scale cereal cropping systems and determining their effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. To identify and critically examine the peer reviewed articles regarding the analysis of the cultural practices, biological control, host plant resistance, selective chemical application and new digital technologies in the use of cereals IPM programs, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The findings have indicated that IPM has been linked to stable growth in yield, an average of 10-19 percent growth in rice, 16-30 percent in wheat, and 13.530 percent in maize and 25-60 percent reduction in the use of synthetic pesticides. In addition, IPM also enhances the natural enemies, biodiversity, and agro ecosystem resilience in climatic stress agro ecosystems. The economic researches have revealed that despite moderate costs involved during initial monitoring costs, the IPM systems are more profitable in the long run and less susceptible to the production risks compared to the conventional systems that rely on the application of pesticides. However, not all of these issues, such as the absence of homogeneity in definition of operations, low awareness rates among farmers, and resource deficiency yet, make high level of adoption impossible. Precision agriculture systems coupled with ecological plans of behavior on a landscape scale coupled with innovations in biological control is one method to strengthen IPM systems. Overall, the review has substantiated …
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: section
subject: Integrated Pest Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Cereal Crops; Rice
  topic: keywords
subject: Wheat
  topic: keywords
subject: Maize
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Biological Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Crop Productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Agroecosystem Resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Change Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Pest Suppression
  topic: keywords
subject: Biodiversity Conservation
  topic: keywords
creator: Younas Rehman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 71
ending page: 85

IMMUNE RESPONSE PATTERNS IN PEDIATRIC VIRAL INFECTIONS: AN IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY
type: item
description: Pediatric viral infections present with diverse immunological signatures that directly influence disease severity, clinical progression, and therapeutic response. This immunopathological study comprehensively analyzed innate and adaptive immune response patterns across a cohort of children diagnosed with common viral pathogens—including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A/B, adenovirus, and enterovirus—to identify immune markers associated with differential outcomes. Quantitative assessment of circulating cytokines, lymphocyte subsets, viral load kinetics, and inflammatory biomarkers revealed distinct immunoprofiles for each infection type. Children with severe RSV infection exhibited markedly elevated IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels (p < 0.001), along with significant neutrophil predominance and reduced CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-cell ratios, indicating a hyperinflammatory innate response. In contrast, influenza-associated cases showed robust type-I interferon activation, higher CD8⁺ cytotoxic T-cell expansion, and faster viral clearance (p < 0.01). Adenovirus infections demonstrated sustained high viral loads and exaggerated IL-10 production, suggesting dysregulated immune suppression as a contributor to prolonged disease course. Meanwhile, enteroviral infections were characterized by balanced Th1/Th2 responses and minimal cytokine storm features, correlating with milder clinical outcomes. Overall, our findings highlight that specific cytokine patterns, T-cell dynamics, and inflammatory indices significantly differentiate viral etiologies and disease severity in pediatric populations. These results provide essential insight into immune mechanisms underlying viral pathogenesis and identify potential biomarkers for early risk stratification, improved diagnosis, and targeted immunomodulatory interventions.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pediatric immunity
  topic: keywords
subject: Viral infections
  topic: keywords
subject: Cytokine response
  topic: keywords
subject: T-cell subsets
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunopathology
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomarkers
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Ghaffar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Ghaffar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 54
ending page: 70

COMBINING ABILITY AND INHERITANCE STUDIES OF AGRONOMIC AND QUALITY TRAITS IN SOYBEAN
type: item
description: Soybean is a globally significant legume crop valued for its dual role as a protein- and oil-rich commodity. Understanding the genetic foundation of yield and quality traits is crucial for designing effective breeding programs. This study was conducted at the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, to evaluate inheritance patterns and combining ability special effects for key agronomic and seed quality traits in diverse soybean genotypes. Significant genotypic variation was observed across all traits, indicating the presence of exploitable genetic diversity. Early- and late-maturing lines were identified, along with genotypes combining high pod number and seed weight, which contributed to superior yields. Variation in protein and oil contents further highlighted opportunities for simultaneous selection of high-yielding and nutritionally superior genotypes. These results provide valuable insights into the inheritance of yield-contributing and quality traits, offering a strong basis for future soybean breeding efforts targeting improved productivity and nutritional quality.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Soybean
  topic: keywords
subject: Combining ability
  topic: keywords
subject: Agronomic traits
  topic: keywords
subject: Protein content
  topic: keywords
subject: Oil content
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic variability
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayesha Siddiqua
creator: Muhammad Hamza Riaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ayesha Siddiqua, Muhammad Hamza Riaz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 44
ending page: 53

TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL ANTIDIABETIC COMPOUNDS IN PRECLINICAL MODELS
type: item
description: This preclinical experiment evaluated the toxicological safety profile of three novel antidiabetic compounds- known as Compound A, Compound B and Compound C- on a mixture of in vivo, in vitro and biochemical experiments. In a repeated-dose study in mouse models, all the drugs were well tolerated with no mortality or severe adverse clinical outcomes. The histopathological analysis showed that there were moderate to mild changes in hepatic and renal tissues, and Compound A showed the least organ-specific toxicity. Dose-dependent and reversible changes in liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and renal biomarkers (creatinine, BUN) were found to be evident in high-dose cohorts of Compound C, but these changes corroborated the protective effects that Compound A and B could exert through oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione). In vitro cytotoxicity studies on pancreatic -cell lines have shown a high cell viability (>85) to be obtained at therapeutic concentrations, although the tests of genotoxicity (Ames test and the micronucleus assay) have not shown any mutagenic prospect of the three drugs. This paper demonstrates that the new antidiabetic chemicals possess an acceptable overall toxicological profile, with Compound A being the least toxic. These findings support the further pharmacological development and confirm the shift to more advanced preclinical and first clinical trials.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antidiabetic compounds
  topic: keywords
subject: toxicological evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: preclinical models
  topic: keywords
subject: oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
subject: histopathology
  topic: keywords
subject: safety profile
  topic: keywords
creator: Sana Farooq
creator: Muhammad Usman Malik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sana Farooq, Muhammad Usman Malik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 27
ending page: 43

POTASH AND HUMIC ACID INTERACTIONS REGULATING GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF OKRA
type: item
description: Okra is a nutritionally rich and economically important summer vegetable, yet its yield potential is often limited by nutrient deficiencies in semi-arid soils. A field experiment was conducted on Bari Chakwal soils to assess the effects of humic acid and potassium fertilization on growth, yield performance, and nutrient uptake in okra. The study employed a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangements and three replications. Growth traits, physiological indicators, yield components, nutrient uptake (N, P, K), and post-harvest soil fertility were evaluated. Application of humic acid significantly enhanced soil quality, nutrient availability, and plant physiological responses, while potassium supplementation improved pod traits and yield. The combined application of humic acid and potassium produced the highest improvements across growth, yield, and nutrient uptake parameters. Post-harvest soil analysis further confirmed residual improvements in fertility. The results demonstrate that integrating humic acid with optimal potassium fertilization is an effective and sustainable strategy to boost okra productivity and maintain soil health under semi-arid conditions.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Okra
  topic: keywords
subject: Humic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Potassium
  topic: keywords
subject: Growth and yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutrient uptake
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Bilal
creator: Sadia Noor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Bilal, Sadia Noor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 18
ending page: 26

PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT OF CHRONIC SKIN DISORDERS: A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION
type: item
description: Long term skin issues bring a huge emotional load that is often greater than the clinical manifestations of the disease. It is a qualitative study that explored the lived experiences of individuals who are diagnosed with chronic dermatologic conditions, with a focus on emotional distress, social functioning, self-perception and coping strategies. The information was collected using semi-structured interviews that were thoroughly carried out with the selected sample of participants of different age groups and categories of conditions. The thematic analysis found four major dimensions of psychosocial impact. First, the respondents reported that they were experiencing persistent emotional issues, including anxiety, despair, humiliations, and feeling more self-conscious, which tend to be exacerbated by symptoms exacerbations. Second, social interactions were also of significant problems. Most of the participants reported that they were socially isolated and feared judgment and that they were discriminated or stigmatized in the community, and at work. Third, the research demonstrated that physical symptoms may cause chronic psychological disorders, including severe body-image difficulties, low self-esteem, and difficulties in intimate relationships. And finally, the findings indicated that there was a wide disparity in coping strategies. Others were useful such as seeking peer support groups and starting self-care routines, whilst others were not useful such as avoiding people and being alone. Overall, the findings indicate that psychosocial impacts of chronic skin diseases are complicated, highly individual, and highly influenced by societal attitudes and beliefs about them. The research highlights the paramount importance of combining dermatological and mental health care strategies to address the emotional and social components of chronic skin disease to better the treatment outcomes and quality of life in patients.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chronic Skin Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychosocial Impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative Study
  topic: keywords
subject: Body Image
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional Distress
  topic: keywords
subject: Coping Strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayesha Rafiq
creator: Imran Siddiqui
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ayesha Rafiq, Imran Siddiqui (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 17

LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT: BEST PRACTICES FOR ANIMAL WELFARE
type: item
description: The welfare of livestock has emerged as a central concern in modern agriculture, driven by growing ethical awareness and consumer demand for humane animal treatment. As livestock productivity is closely linked to animal well-being, the integration of science-based welfare practices has become vital for sustainable and economically viable farming systems. This study investigates best practices in livestock management across five critical domains: housing and environment, nutritional management, health monitoring, transportation control, and behavioral enrichment.A mixed-method approach was employed, including quantitative evaluation of farm infrastructure and animal health metrics, and qualitative assessments of enrichment and handling strategies. Key indicators such as housing quality, dietary balance, disease incidence, stress biomarkers, and behavioral outcomes were systematically measured and analyzed across diverse livestock populations.The results reveal a clear association between welfare interventions and improvements in productivity, health, and behavior. Farms with enriched housing environments and structured nutrition plans demonstrated higher feed efficiency, reduced morbidity, and better stress resilience. Disease prevention strategies, particularly vaccination coverage and biosecurity protocols, significantly reduced outbreak frequencies. Additionally, behavioral enrichment and humane transportation practices were linked to improved psychological well-being and lowered mortality rates.This study concludes that comprehensive livestock welfare strategies not only enhance animal health and ethical standards but also contribute to operational efficiency and long-term sustainability. The findings support the adoption of integrated welfare models as a standard across livestock industries and provide a scalable framework for policymakers and farm managers aiming to balance productivity with compassion in animal agriculture.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Livestock Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Animal Welfare
  topic: keywords
subject: Humane Farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Disease Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Animal Handling
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Livestock Housing
  topic: keywords
subject: Stress Reduction
  topic: keywords
creator: Aftab Ahmed
creator: Mukhtar Ahmad
creator: Shahid Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Aftab Ahmed, Mukhtar Ahmad, Shahid Iqbal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 76
ending page: 97

THE IMPACT OF SLEEP DISORDERS ON OVERALL HEALTH
type: item
description: Disorders of sleep have become a major health problem in the world and they affect either physical or mental health. Serious sleep architectural disturbed functions are more and more connected to such non-transmittable disorders as hypertension, the cardiovascular disorder, diabetes and obesity and mental disorders like depression and anxiety.In the research, multi-modal assessment strategy was utilized to study the physiological, metabolic, and psychological effects of sleep disorders in a wide range of adults. Real world data were recorded in polysomnography (PSG) and home sleep apnea test (HSAT) which was contacted as well as it was noted in the valid self-reporting instruments and analysis through statistical modeling and visualization aspects of the whole data.The findings were significant associations between shortened sleep time with increase in systolic blood pressure, poor sleep efficiency and increased depressive symptomatology, and high diagnostic concordance between PSG and HSAT. Also, the CPAP therapy was proven to decrease the cardiovascular risk markers in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and there was sure negative correlation between body mass index and sleep quality. Analysis on mental health revealed that the severity of insomnia was proportionate to how individuals reported their levels of anxiety.These discoveries lay stress on the multifactorial impact of sleep disorders which is not only a clinical condition, but rather a modifiable risk factor that poses an impact on overall health outcomes. The article points out the importance of using diagnostic accuracy coupled with behavioral knowledge to make evidence-based interventions.To sum up, this study can complement the expanding body of evidence stating in favor of early identification and individualized treatment of sleep-related conditions. Proactive consideration of sleep health can become an essential step in lowering the number and burden of chronic diseases, changing health trends of…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sleep Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Apnea
  topic: keywords
subject: Insomnia
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiovascular Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Restless Leg Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Deprivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Impairmen
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Sajjad Mehdi
creator: Shazia Khalid
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sajjad Mehdi, Shazia Khalid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 56
ending page: 75

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: HARNESSING GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
type: item
description: The mounting pressures on the agriculture industries caused by a rapidly growing global population and the related expansion of weather-related phenomena linked to global warming only increase the need to establish sustainable methods of producing agricultural products. Conventional agricultural models have become insufficient to provide food security and therefore new strategies should aim at improving productivity, resiliency, and sustainability of the farming systems. Of these, biotechnological advances, especially genetic engineering have become a game changer in the battle field of improved crops.The paper is a critical account of the part of genetic engineering in accelerating a sustainable atmosphere in the contemporary agricultural arena. The research data is based on the performance indicators of genetically modified (GM) crops and non-GM crops, through comparative analysis, the study considers the efficiency of yield, resistance to pests, use of water, and nutrient augmentation. It is based on the use of case-based literature synthesis and data visualization to evaluate the complex effects of GM technologies.The findings show that GM crops have a better and consistent performance regarding the stability in yield under abiotic stress compared to conventional crops, they help to lower the need to use pesticides and they are nutritionally advantageous, providing local dietary deficiencies. The enhancement of the above factors contributes to ecology conservation as well as enhanced food security results. Also economic gains on the farmers and under the land-constrained areas were noted due to reduction of the cost of input and increase in gain to investment.Nevertheless, in spite of such encouraging results, the study highlights such existing obstacles as the mistrust of the population, the strategies of ethical compliance, and the heterogeneity of the regulatory environment that impede mainstream adoption. It also emphasizes the need of fair access particular…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Genetic Engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Crop Improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Biotechnology
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayesha Irum
creator: Abdul Waheed Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ayesha Irum, Abdul Waheed Shah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 39
ending page: 55

DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS TARGETING ONCOGENIC PATHWAYS IN CANCER THERAPY
type: item
description: Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) of oncogenic pathways have been shown to be promising anticancer drugs because they can specifically target receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are implicated in tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. In this article, the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new SMIs targeting EGFR, HER2, and VEGFR, which are aberrantly expressed in cancers, are explored.The lead compounds were designed by structure-based drug design and were optimized for potency and selectivity through the execution of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. The lead compounds were demonstrated to possess strong inhibitory activity in in vitro kinase assays having IC50 values in the subnanomolar range. Further, the lead compounds inhibited selectively proliferation of cancer cells but not normal cells and induced apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. In vivo studies using xenograft models of breast and non-small cell lung cancer showed significant tumor inhibition with low systemic toxicity. Bioavailability and metabolic stability were excellent according to pharmacokinetic analysis, which favors the therapeutic use of the compounds. Secondary mutations and activation of compensatory pathways constituted mechanisms of resistance, which suggest the use of combination therapies and second-generation inhibitors.This research provides a full blueprint for the design of selective and effective SMIs against oncogenic RTKs, which promises personalized cancer therapy. Future directions include optimizing combination regimens, exploring response biomarkers, and developing next-generation inhibitors with improved selectivity and reduced toxicity.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Small Molecule Inhibitors
  topic: keywords
subject: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
  topic: keywords
subject: Oncogenic Pathways
  topic: keywords
subject: Egfr
  topic: keywords
subject: Vegfr
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Apoptosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Personalized Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Her2
  topic: keywords
creator: Humayun Ali
creator: Jawad Ali
creator: Uzair Nisar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 44
ending page: 54

PERSONALIZED MEDICINE IN CANCER THERAPY: LEVERAGING GENOMIC DATA TO TAILOR TREATMENT PLANS AND IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES
type: item
description: Every patient's tumor requires personalized cancer therapy because it matches treatments to individual molecular profiles to reach optimal treatment effectiveness and reduce treatment side effects. The combination of genomic tools with bioinformatics allows doctors to perform extensive tumor analysis for identifying valid genetic alternations which then enable targeted therapy administration to deliver successful patient results. Results from this research demonstrate how genetic data established personalized cancer treatment leading to improved response rates and decreased adverse effects than standard therapies. The utilization of genetic data in diagnostics faces two primary obstacles which include the intricate nature of tumors along with resistance initiation and ethical complications stemming from collection and patient protection concerns. The necessary advancement of genomic sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis and artificial intelligence applications will help to break through these barriers. Personalized treatment strategies become more effective for diagnosis accuracy and therapy selection through predictive modeling that employs machine learning algorithms. By integrating multiple biological data sets transcriptomics with proteomics and metabolomics researchers gain a deeper understanding which supports more efficient drug development. These developing technologies will make personalized oncology treatments more precise while spreading to more medical centers which will revolutionize one-size-fits-all cancer treatment into precise patient-specific interventions. Modern cancer treatment methods will transform due to this newly available information to improve both patient survival possibilities and their quality of life across the world.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Personalized Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Genomic Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Targeted Therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Farman Ullah
creator: Muhammad Inam Farooq
creator: Syeda Iram Batool
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 35
ending page: 43

DEVELOPING AI MODELS FOR REAL-TIME MONITORING OF MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS: UNDERSTANDING DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS THROUGH DIGITAL HEALTH TOOLS
type: item
description: Mental health issues such a stress, sadness and anxiety are becoming an epidemic of major proportions that ail millions of people around the world. Clinical interviews with self-reported scales were in the past the key methods of diagnosing and treating these diseases. This usually implied that treatment was delayed, allocation was erroneous and treatment not consistent. AI and digital health solutions have the potential to transform this same story. The tools could be used to monitor people in real time, identify issues as early as possible, and provide them care that is customized to their needs. Ways in which AI is improving mental health care are through ML algorithms, NLP, wearable applications, and chatbots that may help with therapy. This paper will discuss how AI technology plays a critical role in the on-going estimation, analysis, and engagements of those who receive mental health treatment. Chatbots will assist in the chat aimed at helping individuals understand what ails them on the first time. NLP is also interested in the way the individuals are talking to others to check whether mood change has occurred or not. Wearable electronics has the objective of measuring mental wellbeing (by monitoring physiological indicators, heart variability rate and sleep trend). Analysis of relationships between individuals through social media and predictive modelling as well as on-real-time data on patients can assist in preventing people committing suicide. There are though certain issues that should be addressed, including the fear of data privacy, bias of algorithms, and obeying the rules. The paper provides a thorough examination of the current state of AI usage and limitations in the field of mental health, and its benefits, the impact of ethical issues, and the future of it. We must combine the concepts of XAI, rules and cooperation across sectors into a single way of doing the business to maximize the potential of AI-based mental health treatment. Rather than re…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Health Tools
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Asad
creator: Umm E Aiman Saleem
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 25
ending page: 34

MECHANISMS OF DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY: EXPLORING PATHWAYS AND RISK FACTORS FOR LIVER TOXICITY
type: item
description: Liver injury induced by drugs (DILI) has been the most burning challenge to deal with clinically and regulatory wise, as it stands a foremost cause for the withdrawal of a drug on the grounds of acute liver failure. Intrinsic (dose-dependent) and idiosyncratic (unpredictable) are subdivisions to classify DILI. DILI arises from multiple mechanisms encompassing direct liver cell injury, damage to mitochondria, and immune-mediated reactions. Reactive drug metabolites act as the primary event causing oxidative stress leading to mitochondrial permeability transition and further development of apoptotic or necrotic cell death. Mitochondria thus serve as a focal point for hepatocyte death determining both apoptotic and necrotic pathways, whereby genetic factors playing a role, such as polymorphisms within HLA, alongside environmental factors, such as co-medications and infections, exert an influence on the susceptibility of individuals to DILI. Noval biomarkers like oxidative stress-related molecules, mitochondria injury indicators, and immune response mediators may show promise for early diagnosis and risk stratification. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms, risk factors, and biomarkers involved in DILI comprehensively. Understanding these mechanisms more broadly may enhance early detection to ensure maximum patient safety and personalized strategies for risk assessment. A suggestion for future research is to consider integrating genomic, metabolomic, and proteomic approaches for the enhanced prediction and prevention of hepatotoxicity.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Drug-Induced Liver Injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Hepatotoxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Mitochondrial Dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxidative Stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Wesam Taher Almagharbeh
creator: Saad Abdullah
creator: Rizwan Ullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 13
ending page: 24

REAL-TIME CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS: LEVERAGING AI AND BIG DATA FOR DISEASE DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION
type: item
description: In this contemporary age, Real-Time Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) have become indispensable in healthcare settings where artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics converge to form a platform for improved disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment optimization. Machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP) use these systems to sift through massive datasets of EHRs, laboratory results, genomic data, and medical imaging. CDSS has facilitated its operational purpose by providing real-time insights from data to speed up clinical procedures, increase diagnostic precision, and personalize treatment options. The increased complexity of medical data brings issues related to interoperability of data, explainability of the model, and ethical issues with AI-driven decision-making. Algorithmic bias and data privacy are issues that can only be tackled after sound regulatory frameworks have been established alongside fair AI models. This paper provides a complete review of real-time CDSS with analyzable methodologies in AI, their applications, and their effects on clinical decision-making. An extensive review of the literature and empirical findings is used to assess the growths, present challenges, and possible future directions of AI-powered CDSS. To this end, we propose possible strategies like explainable AI (XAI), federated learning, and integration of wearables in health with the view of enhancing precision medicine and improving patient outcome.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Clinical Decision Support Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Big Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassan Yar Mahsood
creator: Abdul Ghaffar
creator: Roohan Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

INTEGRATING GENETICS, ECOLOGY, AND BEHAVIOR: UNDERSTANDING ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION IN AMPHIBIANS
type: item
description: Amphibians provide a critical model for studying adaptive evolution because of their dual reliance on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, high ecological sensitivity, and diverse behavioral strategies. This study applied an integrative framework combining genetics, ecology, and behavior to examine the mechanisms underlying amphibian adaptation to environmental stressors. Genetic analyses revealed significant allelic diversity in immune and thermal tolerance loci, demonstrating the role of genetic variation in shaping resilience to disease and climate variability. Ecological assessments highlighted the importance of habitat connectivity, temperature gradients, and hydric conditions as key selective forces structuring amphibian populations. Behavioral observations showed that reproductive, foraging, and anti-predator strategies vary significantly across ecological contexts, with behavioral plasticity serving as a buffer that allows populations to persist under rapid environmental change. The integration of these datasets through statistical and eco-genetic modeling demonstrated that behavior frequently mediates the link between ecological pressures and genetic expression, creating eco-evolutionary feedback loops that accelerate or constrain adaptation. Collectively, these findings illustrate that amphibian adaptive evolution is a dynamic process driven by the interplay of genetic diversity, ecological context, and behavioral strategies. Beyond advancing basic evolutionary biology, this research provides practical implications for conservation, emphasizing that maintaining genetic variability, ecological integrity, and behavioral flexibility is essential for sustaining amphibian biodiversity in the face of global change.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Amphibians
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaptive evolution
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetics
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecology
  topic: keywords
subject: Behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Eco-evolutionary dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Habitat connectivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Behavioral plasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservation biology
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Waqar Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Waqar Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 21

EARLY BIOMARKERS OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
type: item
description: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious and often underdiagnosed complication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and diminished quality of life. Early detection of PH remains a major clinical challenge due to the delayed onset of recognizable symptoms and limitations in existing diagnostic modalities. This multi-center cross-sectional study aimed to identify early circulating biomarkers that could signal the onset of pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients. A total of 360 participants—including 240 COPD patients with and without PH, and 120 healthy controls—were evaluated for a wide range of endothelial, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and cardiac remodeling biomarkers. Results demonstrated significantly elevated levels of NT-proBNP, endothelin-1, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Galectin-3 in COPD patients with PH compared to both COPD-only and control groups (p < 0.001). NT-proBNP showed the highest predictive ability for early PH with an AUC of 0.89, while other biomarkers such as IL-6 and endothelin-1 also displayed strong diagnostic potential. Low nitric oxide and less effective overall antioxidants helped confirm that problems in the endothelium and imbalance in oxidative stress exist. Furthermore, we noted variations in certain proteins involving the alveoli, suggesting that this part of the lung was already involved at the beginning. A multi-biomarker strategy is shown by ROC curve analysis to result in better accuracy for identifying early PH in COPD. Because of these findings, it is clear that using molecular biomarkers with routine screening could help doctors identify COPD-associated pulmonary hypertension sooner and improve its treatment.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pulmonary Hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: NT-Probnp
  topic: keywords
subject: Endothelin-1
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxidative Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomarkers
  topic: keywords
creator: Muska Hayat
creator: Shahzad Rafiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muska Hayat , Shahzad Rafiq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 57
ending page: 71

INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN FRUIT RIPENING AND SENESCENCE
type: item
description: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal yet complex role in fruit ripening and senescence, functioning both as essential signaling molecules and agents of oxidative damage. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical and molecular dynamics of ROS accumulation and antioxidant responses across different ripening stages in climacteric (tomato) and non-climacteric (strawberry) fruits. A combination of spectrophotometric assays, enzymatic activity quantification, histochemical staining, and gene expression profiling via qRT-PCR and RNA sequencing was employed. Results showed a significant increase in H₂O₂ and O₂⁻ concentrations during ripening, particularly in tomatoes, accompanied by elevated activities of key antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Lipid peroxidation, measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, also increased progressively, confirming rising oxidative stress as fruits matured. Gene expression analysis revealed ripening-specific upregulation of ROS-related genes (SlRboh1, SlAPX2, FaCAT1) and transcriptional regulators such as FaMYB10, with expression levels correlating strongly with biochemical markers. Notably, correlation analysis identified significant associations between ROS concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities (r > 0.85, p < 0.001), indicating a tightly regulated oxidative balance essential for controlled ripening. Differences between fruit types highlighted species-specific ROS regulatory mechanisms, with climacteric fruits showing more pronounced oxidative changes. These findings establish ROS as central components in the physiological and molecular orchestration of fruit ripening and suggest their potential as biomarkers or targets for postharvest quality management. This research contributes critical insights into oxidative signaling pathways, paving the way for advanced strategies in crop storage, shelf-life extension, and genetic improvement.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fruit Ripening
  topic: keywords
subject: Reactive Oxygen Species
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxidative Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant Enzymes
  topic: keywords
subject: Gene Expression
  topic: keywords
subject: Postharvest Physiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Suleman Aziz
creator: Muhammad Bilal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Suleman Aziz , Muhammad Bilal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 45
ending page: 56

LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING IN POST-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS USING MRI
type: item
description: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a critical determinant of patient outcomes, often leading to heart failure and increased mortality. This study utilized serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the temporal progression of LV remodeling in critically ill post-AMI patients. A prospective cohort of patients with confirmed AMI underwent cardiac MRI at baseline (within 7 days), 6 months, and 12 months. Parameters including LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic volume (LVESV), ejection fraction (LVEF), infarct size, transmurality, and myocardial strain were assessed. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was used to quantify myocardial scarring. Adverse remodeling was defined as a >15% increase in LVEDV from baseline. Clinical variables such as hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) were also evaluated. Machine learning algorithms were applied to explore predictive modeling based on imaging and clinical data. Significant reductions in LVEDV and LVEF occurred only in individuals who showed unfavorable remodeling, as the mean LVEF fell from 49.8% at the start to 42.6% after 12 months (p<0.01). There was more infarct area and transmurality in this group which went along with reduced function. The results showed that it was the myocardial strain test and not the volumetric study, that picked up the early regional decline seen in myocardial function. Unfavorable remodeling in the arteries was related to high SHR and HGI levels, suggesting a role for metabolic factors. Forecasts of remodeling were accurate for initial imaging and clinical data, with a model AUROC of 0.87. The results suggest that both cardiac MRI and AI are valuable in identifying who requires special treatment after a heart attack. Cardiac MRI tests done over time reveal important changes in the heart of patients who have had a heart attack. Combining imaging biomarkers with medical and metabolic information, u…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Myocardial Infarction
  topic: keywords
subject: Left Ventricular Remodeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiac MRI
  topic: keywords
subject: Late Gadolinium Enhancement
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Ejection Fraction
  topic: keywords
creator: Syeda Iram Batool
creator: Wesam Taher Almagharbeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Syeda Iram Batool , Wesam Taher Almagharbeh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 31
ending page: 44

HERBICIDE DRIFT IMPACT ON NON-TARGET FLORA AND CROP BIODIVERSITY IN ORGANIC FARMLANDS
type: item
description: Herbicide drift, the unintended airborne dispersion of agrochemicals into non-target zones, poses a substantial threat to the integrity of organic farming systems. This study aimed to investigate the extent, environmental impact, and biological consequences of herbicide drift on adjacent organic farms by employing a mixed-methods approach that integrated field sampling, laboratory analysis, meteorological data, spatial mapping, and stakeholder interviews. Soil and leaf samples collected at incremental distances from herbicide-treated fields were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing that glyphosate, dicamba, and 2,4-D residues decreased sharply with increasing distance. Bioindicator crops such as lettuce and spinach exhibited significant phytotoxic symptoms—including chlorosis and necrosis—within the first 30 meters from the application zone. Soil health assessments indicated that microbial biomass and enzymatic activities (urease, dehydrogenase, and phosphatase) were notably reduced in drift-affected areas. Furthermore, interviews with 30 organic farmers confirmed reported yield losses ranging from 25% to 40%, primarily in leafy crops, and identified concerns regarding economic losses, environmental integrity, and regulatory inaction. GIS mapping and meteorological monitoring validated the spatial correlation between wind patterns and herbicide dispersion. The results clearly establish that herbicide drift can compromise the productivity, biodiversity, and ecological balance of organic systems. This research underscores the urgent need for stricter application protocols, enhanced buffer zones, adoption of drift-reduction technologies, and increased awareness among stakeholders to safeguard the sustainability of organic agriculture. The findings contribute to policy, practice, and scientific understanding of agrochemical externalities and their mitigation in vulnerable farming ecosyst…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Herbicide Drift
  topic: keywords
subject: Organic Farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytotoxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Contamination
  topic: keywords
subject: Crop Loss
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Dilawaiz Khan
creator: Nimra Samad
creator: Muhammad Shafique
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Dilawaiz Khan , Nimra Samad, Muhammad Shafique (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 17
ending page: 30

EVALUATION OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERNS IN ZOONOTIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM COMPANION ANIMALS IN URBAN AREAS
type: item
description: This study investigates the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and zoonotic potential of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens isolated from companion animals in urban areas. A total of 270 bacterial isolates were recovered from dogs and cats across three metropolitan centers, with Escherichia coli (35.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (23.0%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.8%) being the most prevalent species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates to first-line veterinary antibiotics such as ampicillin (82–91%) and tetracycline (52–70%), and alarming resistance to critically important human antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. The total number of isolates with MDR was more than 67%, the highest rates belonging to K. pneumoniae (77%) and S. aureus (71%). A close association was found between MDR and current use of antibiotics, lack of vaccination, ability to go outdoors and having more than one animal in household. It was found that colistin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae poses a growing threat to the final therapeutic option. Genomic coincidence of 26 MDR isolates amongst pets and their owners demonstrated a zoonotic potential with genetic similarity over 90 per cent and common resistance profiles, implying that the disease might be transmitted between species. Logistic regression model identified recent antibiotic use and exposure outdoors as key factors of MDR colonization. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine, frequent surveillance of resistance in companion animals, and public health programs involving the One Health approach. This study provides a critical insight into the epidemiological role of pets in transmission of MDR infections in urban ecosystem and emphasizes on the need of combining efforts to curb antibiotic resistance at the human animal interface.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multi-Drug Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Zoonotic Bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Companion Animals
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimicrobial Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: One Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Aftab Ahmed
creator: Muhammad Fahimullah Khan
creator: Syed Muhammad Ali Ramish
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aftab Ahmed , Muhammad Fahimullah Khan, Syed Muhammad Ali Ramish (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 16

COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY: CANINE AND FELINE TUMOR BIOLOGY AND THERAPIES
type: item
description: Comparative oncology provides a unique opportunity to look at tumour biology and responsiveness to treatment by comparing across animals. The article evaluated oncological and treatment prognosis on 200 dog and cat malignancies cases with squamous cell carcinoma, mast cell tumour, fibrosarcoma, lymphoma, and mammary carcinoma. These results showed that cats were more affected by fibrosarcomas and squamous cell carcinomas whereas mast cell tumours and lymphomas were more prevalent in dogs. The tendency in the development of tumour also differed between the species; their histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation revealed local infiltrative growth in cats, and more heterogeneity in tumour in dogs. Outcomes of treatments were different: the use of multimodal therapy was extremely advantageous to dogs (particularly, when dealing with mast cell turbours), responses to it being conservatively-corrective in feline cases often depended on where the tumours were and how difficult they are to operate on. In both species, statistical significant predictors of tumour grade and outcome were biomarkers such as p53 and Ki-67. Survival studies gave the advantage to the early diagnosis and well-rounded treatment protocols. The findings of the study mean that species-specific oncology strategies are important in offering the best care, and comparative views of the investigations are viable additions to the translation and veterinary cancer research.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Comparative Oncology
  topic: keywords
subject: Canines
  topic: keywords
subject: Felines
  topic: keywords
subject: Tumor Biology
  topic: keywords
subject: Veterinary Cancer Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Survival Outcomes
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Fahimullah Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Fahimullah Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 85
ending page: 105

WILDLIFE FORENSICS AND LEGAL MEDICINE IN BIODIVERSITY CRIMES
type: item
description: The findings of this paper demonstrate how valuable it is to apply conservation genetics coupled with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) as a way to safeguard endangered wildlife and enhance the likelihood of their reproduction. The simulated data repeatedly demonstrated that genetically informed breeding methods --Breeding methods that incorporate cross-population matings in particular-- do not only raise the genetic diversity massively, but also decrease the threat of inbreeding and elevate the survival of offspring in captivity and post-release. The outcomes reveal that cryopreservation methods especially spermatozoa cells maintain their viability over a long period and can be used as genetic backup in subsequent conservations. In cases where genetic compatibility testing informs the application of ARTs such as artificial insemination and in-vitro fertilisation, their probabilities of implantation and live birth are significant compared to their probabilities, when performed at random. Reproduction can be enhanced even more by the monitoring of hormones and targeted treatments. Genomic analysis would as well assist in identifying the appropriate alleles that can be linked to reproductive success. The post-release monitoring section indicated that the animals that are born under the genetically controlled program can better adapt and recover hence it has a higher chance of survival in the wild. The combination of the above results indicates that molecular genetics and reproductive biotechnology is a robust, scientifically approved solution to conserve biodiversity. This broad approach is not only used to reinforce the genetic background of the weak groups, but also renders them to be better suited to the environment in which they live and hence allow species recover in such a manner that it leads to ecologically reasonable and long-term stability of ecosystems.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wildlife Forensics
  topic: keywords
subject: Biodiversity Crimes
  topic: keywords
subject: Dna Barcoding
  topic: keywords
subject: Isotopic Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservation Enforcement
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Asad
creator: Muhammad Umair
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Asad, Muhammad Umair (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 65
ending page: 84

MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL AGENT DESIGN
type: item
description: The paper is an entire experimental overview of using molecular plant pathology in conjunction with the development of biocontrol agents to handle plant diseases in an environmentally beneficial manner. We cultured and enumerated the pathogens in-vitro, screened bacterial and fungal antagonists in-vitro and in-vivo. We applied a quantitative PCR (qPCR) and the estimation of the size of lesions to observe the effectiveness of suppressing the phenomenon of pathogens. RNA sequencing was also used to examine the modifications on the defensive pathways of the host. Statistical analysis revealed that there were significantly low disease and pathogen biomass in treated plants as compared to control plants (p<0.05). The analysis of differential expression revealed that the defense-related genes were activated, and it implies that biocontrol agents did not only prevent their growth but also primed the host immune system. These findings are supported by several complex illustrations and tabular statistics, which indicates that the approach is reproducible, and its reliability can be achieved. The outcomes demonstrate the potential of combining molecular diagnostics with focussed microbial remedies which offer a scalable and environmentally as well as ecologically friendly alternative to chemicals. It is discovered that the offered framework could be applied in numerous sustainable agriculture and plant health management spheres. Also, it might serve as an example of further studies of the interaction of plants, microbe, and pathogen.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Molecular Plant Pathology
  topic: keywords
subject: Biocontrol Agents
  topic: keywords
subject: Pathogen Suppression
  topic: keywords
subject: Transcriptomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Plant–Microbe Interactions
  topic: keywords
creator: Hammad Ur Rehman
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Hammad Ur Rehman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 44
ending page: 64

CONSERVATION GENETICS AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
type: item
description: Debate in this study examines the possibility of conservation genetics and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to be compatible in a manner which would make endangered animals reproduce more efficiently and live longer. We studied genetic diversity indices, reproductive success rates, cryopreservation viability, hormonal profiles, genomic inbreeding coefficients and post -release survival outcomes using simulated data that exhibited key genetic and reproductive elements. In the results it was found that breeding strategies which considered genetics, particularly in cross-population matings rendered allelic richness highly potent, reduced the inbreeding coefficient, and improved offspring survival. Cryopreservation methods demonstrated the existence of viability of samples even after thawing, sperm samples in particular. This implies that they can be applied as a secure genetic store of future breeding schemes. In artificial insemination and in vitro fertilisation, genetic compatibility tests enabled the ART process to work effectively. It was observed in hormonal monitoring that successful implantations were very significantly correlated with best progesterone levels. Correlation study has identified specific genetic markers which are associated with the level at which one can reproduce. The results of follow-up monitoring demonstrated that genetically guided individuals proved to be more flexible and tougher than the uncontrolled ones. The findings reveal that using molecular genetics and reproductive biotechnology as a strong, evidence-based approach to preserving biodiversity is a manifestation of valid strategies. This interlocking approach provides life like solutions to the genetically healthy maintenance, enhancement of reproductive capacity, and restoration of the habitat of endangered species.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Conservation Genetics
  topic: keywords
subject: Assisted Reproductive Technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic Diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Endangered Species
  topic: keywords
subject: Cryopreservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Reproductive Success
  topic: keywords
creator: Ezza Fatima
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ezza Fatima (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 24
ending page: 43

HYBRID BIOENGINEERING APPROACHES TO CELL-TISSUE INTERFACE MODELING
type: item
description: The article Hybrid Bioengineering Approaches to Cell-Tissue Interface Modeling examines a method of integrating advanced fabrication, mechanical regulation and quantitative biology evaluation to recreate and examine the biophysical complexity of in situ tissue environments. The experiment involved a wide range of scaffold materials whose properties was utilized in the experiment including GelMA, PEGDA, collagen, fibrin, and a hybrid composite to construct a recap of the cell tissue interface in a controlled laboratory environment. We considered mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, neural cells and epithelial cells in 9 structured datasets, each having 20 experimental observations. Such parameters as adhesion index, proliferation rate, alignment score, and scaffold stiffness were considered. The findings indicated that the hybrids composites and GelMA-based scaffolds had the highest adhesion and proliferation rates at all times particularly in MSCs and fibroblasts. Elastic moduli that were between 4 and 10 kPa performed best. These also showed the most consistent cytoskeletal orientation and the development of focal adhesions. Mechanical signals play an important role in remodeling interfaces as dynamic conditioning with the cyclic strain largely enhanced the chondrocyte and fibroblast growth and orientation. Visuals inquiries like Hybrid line-bar charts, scatter correlated graphs and heatmaps demonstrated that there was a very tight connection between the biophysical properties of the scaffold and the cell conduct of the cells. With the inclusion of qualitative knowledge based on the interviewing of experts, the findings have become all the more applicable to translation demonstrating how they can be employed in order to develop regenerative medicines and implantable constructions. The study demonstrates that hybrid bioengineering platforms have the potential to characterize and optimize the cell-biomaterial interface in a systematic way and will lead …
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cell-Tissue Interface
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybrid Bioengineering
  topic: keywords
subject: Scaffold Stiffness
  topic: keywords
subject: Cellular Adhesion
  topic: keywords
subject: Tissue Engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomaterials
  topic: keywords
creator: Zia Ur Rehman
creator: Mashal Shahzadi
creator: Abdul Waheed Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Zia Ur Rehman, Mashal Shahzadi, Abdul Waheed Shah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 23